diff --git a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/ErrorPresentation.swift b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/ErrorPresentation.swift
index cd0f3b7a..ed9eb307 100644
--- a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/ErrorPresentation.swift
+++ b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/ErrorPresentation.swift
@@ -153,6 +153,8 @@ extension AppPresentation {
     switch failure {
     case .store(let error): return settingsStore(error)
     case .mode(let error): return proxyMode(error)
+    case .runtime(let runtimeFailure):
+      return runtimeFailure.map { message(for: $0) } ?? unknownError
     case .unknown: return unknownError
     }
   }
@@ -321,6 +323,7 @@ extension AppPresentation {
     case .ioFailure: return "偏好文件读写失败"
     case .missingCredential: return "偏好中的敏感 URL 无法从钥匙串读取"
     case .credentialFailure: return "偏好中的敏感 URL 无法写入钥匙串"
+    case .rollbackFailed: return "偏好保存失败，旧设置或凭据未能完整恢复"
     case .legacyListenSettings(let error): return "旧版监听设置无法读取：\(listenStore(error))"
     }
   }
diff --git a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/ProxyRuntimeController.swift b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/ProxyRuntimeController.swift
index 876f8901..b1dc7502 100644
--- a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/ProxyRuntimeController.swift
+++ b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/ProxyRuntimeController.swift
@@ -145,6 +145,20 @@ final class ProxyRuntimeController: ObservableObject {
   /// 两态呈现（D7）。
   var listenSettings: SslocalListenSettings { settings.listen }
 
+  /// 当前已部署 runtime 的完整监听身份。已停止或启动失败时没有有效的
+  /// runtime 例外，不能拿最后一次设置快照冒充仍在监听。
+  var effectiveRuntimeListenFacts: RuntimeListenFacts? {
+    let isListening: Bool
+    switch state {
+    case .running, .firewallBlocked, .systemProxyFailed:
+      isListening = true
+    case .off, .starting, .launchFailed, .activationFailed, .requiresApproval, .serviceFailed:
+      isListening = false
+    }
+    guard isListening, let lastDocument else { return nil }
+    return RuntimeListenFacts(document: lastDocument)
+  }
+
   /// 运行时契约的脱敏摘要（数量与协议元数据，D5）；契约缺失或无效返回 nil。
   /// 诊断导出不读契约内容，只携带此摘要。
   func runtimeDocumentSummary() -> String? {
@@ -475,16 +489,40 @@ extension ProxyRuntimeController {
     }
   }
 
+  /// SettingsWorkflow 只需要知道 runtime 是否独立收敛，以及失败的安全 typed
+  /// fact；它不消费控制器内部的 state machine。
+  private func settingsRuntimeOutcome() -> SettingsRuntimeOutcome {
+    switch state {
+    case .off:
+      return .notRunning
+    case .running:
+      return .converged
+    case .firewallBlocked(let facts):
+      return .failed(.firewallBlocked(facts))
+    case .launchFailed(let facts):
+      return .failed(.launch(facts))
+    case .activationFailed(let failure):
+      return .failed(.activation(failure))
+    case .requiresApproval:
+      return .failed(.requiresApproval)
+    case .serviceFailed(let facts):
+      return .failed(.service(facts))
+    case .systemProxyFailed(let facts):
+      return .failed(.systemProxy(facts))
+    case .starting:
+      return .failed(nil)
+    }
+  }
+
   /// Persists a fully validated settings snapshot and, when the proxy is
   /// active, re-derives the same runtime path with the new snapshot.
-  func updateSettings(_ proposed: ProxySettings) async throws {
+  func updateSettings(_ proposed: ProxySettings) async throws -> SettingsRuntimeOutcome {
     let catalog = catalogSnapshotReader.catalogSnapshot
     try settingsStore.save(proposed)
     settings = proposed
     listenSettingsUnreadable = false
     settingsUnreadable = false
-
-    guard state != .off else { return }
+    guard state != .off else { return .notRunning }
     switch reexpand(in: catalog) {
     case .deployed(let configuration):
       await deploy(configuration.document)
@@ -493,11 +531,12 @@ extension ProxyRuntimeController {
     case nil:
       break
     }
+    return settingsRuntimeOutcome()
   }
 
   /// Restores factory defaults, removes the persisted snapshot and stops any
   /// active runtime before the next user action can use the defaults.
-  func resetPreferences() async throws {
+  func resetPreferences() async throws -> SettingsRuntimeOutcome {
     try settingsStore.reset()
     settings = ProxySettings()
     listenSettingsUnreadable = false
@@ -505,7 +544,9 @@ extension ProxyRuntimeController {
     proxyMode = .pac
     if state != .off {
       await setProxyEnabled(false)
+      return state == .off ? .stopped : settingsRuntimeOutcome()
     }
+    return .notRunning
   }
 
   /// Applies the post-import 2.0 runtime boundary without touching
diff --git a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/SettingsView.swift b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/SettingsView.swift
index 4ae03805..1ab8cf2a 100644
--- a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/SettingsView.swift
+++ b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/SettingsView.swift
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ struct SettingsView: View {
     .formStyle(.grouped)
     .padding()
     .onAppear {
-      workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
+      Task { _ = await workflow.reloadFromCommitted() }
     }
     .alert(
       workflow.pendingConfirmation.map { confirmationPresentation(for: $0).title } ?? "",
@@ -137,11 +137,11 @@ struct SettingsView: View {
       HStack {
         Spacer()
         Button("重置偏好") {
-          workflow.reset()
+          Task { _ = await workflow.reset() }
         }
         .disabled(workflow.isCommitting)
         Button(workflow.isCommitting ? "保存中…" : "保存") {
-          workflow.save()
+          Task { _ = await workflow.save() }
         }
         .keyboardShortcut(.defaultAction)
         .disabled(!workflow.canSave)
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ extension SettingsView {
       }
       if state.canSuggestFreePort {
         Button("建议空闲端口") {
-          workflow.suggestFreePort(for: id)
+          Task { _ = await workflow.suggestFreePort(for: id) }
         }
         .font(.caption)
       }
@@ -250,15 +250,15 @@ extension SettingsView {
         title: "PAC 地址将失效",
         confirmTitle: "继续保存",
         confirmRole: nil,
-        confirm: { workflow.confirmPACNotice() },
-        cancel: { workflow.cancelPACNotice() })
+        confirm: { Task { _ = await workflow.confirmPACNotice() } },
+        cancel: { Task { _ = await workflow.cancelPACNotice() } })
     case .resetPreferences:
       ConfirmationPresentation(
         title: "重置所有偏好？",
         confirmTitle: "重置",
         confirmRole: .destructive,
-        confirm: { workflow.confirmReset() },
-        cancel: { workflow.cancelReset() })
+        confirm: { Task { _ = await workflow.confirmReset() } },
+        cancel: { Task { _ = await workflow.cancelReset() } })
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/SettingsWorkflow/SettingsDraftAdapter.swift b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/SettingsWorkflow/SettingsDraftAdapter.swift
index de23cde0..7e8e6899 100644
--- a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/SettingsWorkflow/SettingsDraftAdapter.swift
+++ b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/SettingsWorkflow/SettingsDraftAdapter.swift
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 import Foundation
 
-/// 写入侧窄 seam（issue #44）：设置工作流只依赖已提交快照、代理是否在跑与
-/// 两个提交入口。生产实现是 `ProxyRuntimeController` 的薄扩展；测试注入
-/// fake。Domain 快照类型只出现在本缝与 `SettingsDraftAdapter`。读取侧是
+/// 写入侧窄 seam（issue #48）：设置工作流只依赖已提交快照、当前 runtime 的
+/// typed listener facts 与两个提交入口。生产实现是 `ProxyRuntimeController`
+/// 的薄扩展；测试注入 fake。Domain 快照类型只出现在本缝与 adapter。读取侧是
 /// 运行时控制器的主 actor 状态，本缝随之主 actor 绑定。
 @MainActor
 protocol SettingsCommitting: AnyObject {
   var committedSettings: ProxySettings { get }
-  var isProxyRunning: Bool { get }
-  func updateSettings(_ proposed: ProxySettings) async throws
-  func resetPreferences() async throws
+  var runtimeListenFacts: RuntimeListenFacts? { get }
+  func updateSettings(_ proposed: ProxySettings) async throws -> SettingsRuntimeOutcome
+  func resetPreferences() async throws -> SettingsRuntimeOutcome
 }
 
 extension ProxyRuntimeController: SettingsCommitting {
   var committedSettings: ProxySettings { settings }
-  var isProxyRunning: Bool { state.isOn }
+  var runtimeListenFacts: RuntimeListenFacts? { effectiveRuntimeListenFacts }
 }
 
 /// 平坦草稿与 Domain 快照的单一 adapter（story 45）：字段清单变化只改此处。
@@ -71,6 +71,20 @@ enum SettingsDraftAdapter {
       preferredMode: base.preferredMode)
   }
 
+  /// 平坦草稿对应的完整有效监听身份。占用探测和 runtime 例外判断共用此
+  /// adapter，避免在 workflow 内复制 scope/address/endpoint 字段清单。
+  static func listenFacts(from draft: SettingsDraft) -> RuntimeListenFacts {
+    var listen = SslocalListenSettings()
+    listen.scope =
+      draft.isHostScope ? .host(advertisedAddress: draft.advertisedAddress) : .loopback
+    listen.socksPort = draft.socksPort
+    listen.httpProxyEnabled = draft.httpProxyEnabled
+    listen.httpPort = draft.httpPort
+    listen.pacPort = draft.pacPort
+    listen.udpRelayEnabled = draft.udpRelayEnabled
+    return RuntimeListenFacts(listen: listen)
+  }
+
   /// UI 形状端口标识 → 端点类型（module 内部复用 Domain 端口语义）。
   static func endpoint(for id: SettingsPortID) -> ProxyEndpointKind {
     switch id {
diff --git a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/SettingsWorkflow/SettingsWorkflow.swift b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/SettingsWorkflow/SettingsWorkflow.swift
index 7aa26dd0..c7cf6fdc 100644
--- a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/SettingsWorkflow/SettingsWorkflow.swift
+++ b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/SettingsWorkflow/SettingsWorkflow.swift
@@ -1,32 +1,34 @@
 import Foundation
 
-/// 设置工作流 module（issue #44）：设置窗口的唯一 UI-facing seam。以平坦的
+/// 设置工作流 module（issue #48）：设置窗口的唯一 UI-facing seam。以平坦的
 /// UI 形状草稿为编辑态唯一 source of truth，向 UI 只提供字段归位的校验问题、
-/// 端口 field state、保存门禁/脏态/提交中/typed failure projection、统一确认事实与具名
-/// typed command。视图不再拆装 Domain 枚举、翻译占用事实、推导门禁或自备
+/// 端口 field state、保存门禁/脏态/提交中/typed outcome、统一确认事实与具名
+/// async command。视图不再拆装 Domain 枚举、翻译占用事实、推导门禁或自备
 /// 确认文案；alert、sheet 与窗口状态仍由 UI 持有。登录启动项是独立偏好域，
 /// 不经本 module。
 ///
 /// 内部沿用既有深 module：`ProxySettings` 的点名校验、`ProxyPortSemantics` 的
-/// 端口互异/建议算法、`PortChangeNotice` 的 PAC 失效判定与 `PortOccupancyProbing`
-/// 探测缝（编辑期尽力而为的即时提示，激活成败仍以 runtime 健康门禁为准）。
-/// 写入侧只依赖窄 seam `SettingsCommitting`。module 不依赖 SwiftUI。
+/// 端口互异/建议算法、`PortChangeNotice` 的 PAC 失效判定与 typed occupancy
+/// request。写入侧只依赖窄 seam `SettingsCommitting`；module 不依赖 SwiftUI。
 @MainActor
 final class SettingsWorkflow: ObservableObject {
   /// 编辑中的 UI 形状草稿：视图按字段绑定；监听设置变化时自动重探占用。
   @Published var draft: SettingsDraft {
     didSet {
-      if listenFingerprint(of: draft) != listenFingerprint(of: oldValue) {
+      if listenFacts(of: draft) != listenFacts(of: oldValue) {
         refreshOccupancy()
       }
     }
   }
+
   /// 各端口的尽力而为占用判定（非权威，只影响编辑期提示与保存门禁）。
   @Published private var occupancyByPort: [SettingsPortID: SettingsPortOccupancy] = [:]
   /// 提交/重置进行中（按钮进入进行中状态且不可重复触发）。
   @Published private(set) var isCommitting = false
   /// 最近一次提交/重置失败的 typed fact（nil = 无）。
   @Published private(set) var lastFailure: SettingsWorkflowFailure?
+  /// 最近一次离散 command 的结构化结果，供 UI 观察而无需解析字符串。
+  @Published private(set) var lastOutcome: SettingsCommandOutcome?
   /// 等待用户裁定的确认事实（PAC 失效、重置偏好）；视图只持有 alert 呈现状态。
   @Published private(set) var pendingConfirmation: SettingsConfirmation?
 
@@ -35,27 +37,6 @@ final class SettingsWorkflow: ObservableObject {
   /// 占用探测代际：草稿快速连续变化时只有最新一轮结果生效。
   private var occupancyGeneration = 0
 
-  /// 触发占用重探的监听字段指纹（范围、公布地址、端口与 HTTP/UDP 开关）。
-  private struct ListenFingerprint: Equatable {
-    let isHostScope: Bool
-    let advertisedAddress: String
-    let socksPort: Int
-    let httpProxyEnabled: Bool
-    let httpPort: Int
-    let pacPort: Int
-    let udpRelayEnabled: Bool
-
-    init(_ draft: SettingsDraft) {
-      isHostScope = draft.isHostScope
-      advertisedAddress = draft.advertisedAddress
-      socksPort = draft.socksPort
-      httpProxyEnabled = draft.httpProxyEnabled
-      httpPort = draft.httpPort
-      pacPort = draft.pacPort
-      udpRelayEnabled = draft.udpRelayEnabled
-    }
-  }
-
   init(
     committing: SettingsCommitting,
     occupancyProbe: PortOccupancyProbing = SystemPortOccupancyProbe()
@@ -100,10 +81,9 @@ final class SettingsWorkflow: ObservableObject {
       canSuggestFreePort: canSuggest)
   }
 
-  /// 是否存在阻塞保存的端口占用（事实查询，呈现由视图决定）。HTTP 入站关闭
-  /// 时 HTTP 端点不参与门禁。
-  var hasBlockingPortOccupancy: Bool {
-    SettingsPortID.allCases.contains { id in
+  /// 明确阻塞保存的端口。HTTP 入站关闭时 HTTP 端点不参与门禁。
+  var blockingPortIDs: [SettingsPortID] {
+    SettingsPortID.allCases.filter { id in
       guard id != .http || draft.httpProxyEnabled else { return false }
       guard !isRuntimePortException(id) else { return false }
       if case .occupied = occupancyByPort[id] { return true }
@@ -111,11 +91,17 @@ final class SettingsWorkflow: ObservableObject {
     }
   }
 
+  /// 是否存在阻塞保存的端口占用（事实查询，呈现由视图决定）。
+  var hasBlockingPortOccupancy: Bool { !blockingPortIDs.isEmpty }
+
   // MARK: - 操作区只读投影
 
-  /// 保存门禁：校验问题清零、无阻塞性占用、且不在提交中。
+  /// 保存门禁：校验问题清零、无阻塞性占用、不在提交中且没有待裁定确认。
   var canSave: Bool {
-    fieldIssues.isEmpty && !hasBlockingPortOccupancy && !isCommitting
+    fieldIssues.isEmpty
+      && blockingPortIDs.isEmpty
+      && !isCommitting
+      && pendingConfirmation == nil
   }
 
   /// 脏态：草稿若提交会不会改变已提交快照（草稿经唯一 adapter 归一后比较，
@@ -124,136 +110,192 @@ final class SettingsWorkflow: ObservableObject {
     makeSettings(from: draft) != committing.committedSettings
   }
 
-  // MARK: - 具名 typed command
+  // MARK: - 具名 typed async commands
+
+  /// 保存：先返回 typed gate rejection；PAC 端口变化则返回确认事实，否则等待
+  /// persistence seam 完成，并把 runtime convergence 独立放进结果。
+  @discardableResult
+  func save() async -> SettingsCommandOutcome {
+    guard !isCommitting else { return record(.rejected(.inProgress)) }
+    guard pendingConfirmation == nil else {
+      return record(.rejected(.confirmationPending))
+    }
+    guard fieldIssues.isEmpty else {
+      return record(.rejected(.validation(fieldIssues)))
+    }
+    guard blockingPortIDs.isEmpty else {
+      return record(.rejected(.occupied(blockingPortIDs)))
+    }
 
-  /// 保存：门禁通过后，若 PAC 端口将变化则挂起失效确认，否则提交。
-  func save() {
-    guard canSave else { return }
     let proposed = makeSettings(from: draft)
     if PortChangeNotice.pacPortChanged(
       from: committing.committedSettings.listen, to: proposed.listen)
     {
-      pendingConfirmation = .pacInvalidation(
+      let confirmation = SettingsConfirmation.pacInvalidation(
         previousPort: committing.committedSettings.listen.pacPort,
         nextPort: proposed.listen.pacPort)
-      return
+      pendingConfirmation = confirmation
+      return record(.confirmationRequired(confirmation))
     }
-    commit(proposed)
+    return await commit(proposed)
   }
 
   /// 用户裁定继续保存（确认 PAC 失效提示）后提交。
-  func confirmPACNotice() {
-    guard case .pacInvalidation = pendingConfirmation else { return }
+  @discardableResult
+  func confirmPACNotice() async -> SettingsCommandOutcome {
+    guard case .pacInvalidation = pendingConfirmation else {
+      return record(.rejected(.noPendingConfirmation))
+    }
     pendingConfirmation = nil
-    guard canSave else { return }
-    commit(makeSettings(from: draft))
+    guard !isCommitting else { return record(.rejected(.inProgress)) }
+    guard fieldIssues.isEmpty else {
+      return record(.rejected(.validation(fieldIssues)))
+    }
+    guard blockingPortIDs.isEmpty else {
+      return record(.rejected(.occupied(blockingPortIDs)))
+    }
+    return await commit(makeSettings(from: draft))
   }
 
   /// 取消挂起的 PAC 失效提示：草稿保留且不提交。
-  func cancelPACNotice() {
-    guard case .pacInvalidation = pendingConfirmation else { return }
+  @discardableResult
+  func cancelPACNotice() async -> SettingsCommandOutcome {
+    guard case .pacInvalidation = pendingConfirmation else {
+      return record(.rejected(.noPendingConfirmation))
+    }
     pendingConfirmation = nil
+    return record(.confirmationCancelled)
   }
 
   /// 重置偏好：seam 裁定恒需确认，挂起重置确认事实（摘要范围与重置事务
   /// 一致）。登录启动项与快捷键意图是独立偏好域，不在此事务内。
-  func reset() {
-    guard !isCommitting else { return }
+  @discardableResult
+  func reset() async -> SettingsCommandOutcome {
+    guard !isCommitting else { return record(.rejected(.inProgress)) }
+    guard pendingConfirmation == nil else {
+      return record(.rejected(.confirmationPending))
+    }
     pendingConfirmation = .resetPreferences
+    return record(.confirmationRequired(.resetPreferences))
   }
 
   /// 用户裁定重置后走重置提交入口：恢复出厂值并停止运行中的代理。
-  func confirmReset() {
-    guard case .resetPreferences = pendingConfirmation else { return }
+  @discardableResult
+  func confirmReset() async -> SettingsCommandOutcome {
+    guard case .resetPreferences = pendingConfirmation else {
+      return record(.rejected(.noPendingConfirmation))
+    }
     pendingConfirmation = nil
-    guard !isCommitting else { return }
+    guard !isCommitting else { return record(.rejected(.inProgress)) }
     isCommitting = true
     lastFailure = nil
-    Task { @MainActor in
-      do {
-        try await committing.resetPreferences()
-        adoptCommittedSettings()
-      } catch {
-        lastFailure = Self.failure(for: error)
-      }
+    do {
+      let runtime = try await committing.resetPreferences()
+      adoptCommittedSettings()
       isCommitting = false
+      return record(persistedOutcome(for: runtime))
+    } catch {
+      isCommitting = false
+      let failure = Self.workflowFailure(for: error)
+      lastFailure = failure
+      return record(.persistenceFailed(Self.persistenceFailure(for: error)))
     }
   }
 
   /// 取消重置：不发生任何提交。
-  func cancelReset() {
-    guard case .resetPreferences = pendingConfirmation else { return }
+  @discardableResult
+  func cancelReset() async -> SettingsCommandOutcome {
+    guard case .resetPreferences = pendingConfirmation else {
+      return record(.rejected(.noPendingConfirmation))
+    }
     pendingConfirmation = nil
+    return record(.confirmationCancelled)
   }
 
   /// 为端口建议一个空闲端口：只把候选写进草稿对应字段，绝不替用户保存。
-  func suggestFreePort(for id: SettingsPortID) {
+  @discardableResult
+  func suggestFreePort(for id: SettingsPortID) async -> SettingsCommandOutcome {
+    guard !isCommitting else { return record(.rejected(.inProgress)) }
     let listen = makeSettings(from: draft).listen
+    let facts = RuntimeListenFacts(listen: listen)
     let endpoint = SettingsDraftAdapter.endpoint(for: id)
+    let generation = occupancyGeneration
     let probe = occupancyProbe
-    Task { @MainActor in
-      let candidate = await Task.detached(priority: .utility) {
-        listen.suggestedPort(for: endpoint) { port in
-          if case .free = probe.occupancy(port: port, bindAddress: listen.bindAddress) {
-            return true
-          }
-          return false
-        }
-      }.value
-      guard let candidate else { return }
-      draft.setPortValue(candidate, for: id)
+    let candidate = await Task.detached(priority: .utility) {
+      listen.suggestedPort(for: endpoint) { port in
+        let request = PortOccupancyProbeRequest(
+          endpoint: endpoint, listen: facts.replacingPort(port, for: endpoint), port: port)
+        if case .free = probe.occupancy(for: request) { return true }
+        return false
+      }
+    }.value
+    guard generation == occupancyGeneration else {
+      return record(.rejected(.superseded))
     }
+    guard let candidate else {
+      return record(.rejected(.noFreePort(id)))
+    }
+    draft.setPortValue(candidate, for: id)
+    return record(.draftUpdated(port: id, value: candidate))
   }
 
   /// 回到已提交快照：放弃未保存修改；监听设置未变时仍刷新占用，避免陈旧提示。
-  func reloadFromCommitted() {
+  @discardableResult
+  func reloadFromCommitted() async -> SettingsCommandOutcome {
+    guard !isCommitting else { return record(.rejected(.inProgress)) }
     adoptCommittedSettings()
+    return record(.reloaded)
   }
 
   // MARK: - 提交与占用探测（implementation，UI 不可见）
 
-  private var committedListen: SslocalListenSettings {
-    committing.committedSettings.listen
-  }
-
   private func makeSettings(from draft: SettingsDraft) -> ProxySettings {
     SettingsDraftAdapter.settings(from: draft, preservingModeOf: committing.committedSettings)
   }
 
-  /// 端口是否正是当前运行中的代理在用的端口（保存其他设置不会触发冲突）。
-  /// 例外只影响保存门禁与提示，不改持久化；HTTP 端点还需已提交侧启用入站。
+  /// 例外只在当前 runtime 的完整有效监听身份与草稿身份相同时成立。
+  /// 例外只影响保存门禁与提示，不改持久化。
   private func isRuntimePortException(_ id: SettingsPortID) -> Bool {
-    guard committing.isProxyRunning else { return false }
-    let endpoint = SettingsDraftAdapter.endpoint(for: id)
-    guard committedListen.configuredPort(for: endpoint) == draft.portValue(for: id) else {
-      return false
-    }
-    return id != .http || committedListen.httpProxyEnabled
+    guard let runtime = committing.runtimeListenFacts else { return false }
+    guard runtime == listenFacts(of: draft) else { return false }
+    return id != .http || runtime.httpProxyEnabled
   }
 
-  private func listenFingerprint(of draft: SettingsDraft) -> ListenFingerprint {
-    ListenFingerprint(draft)
+  private func listenFacts(of draft: SettingsDraft) -> RuntimeListenFacts {
+    SettingsDraftAdapter.listenFacts(from: draft)
   }
 
-  private func commit(_ proposed: ProxySettings) {
+  private func commit(_ proposed: ProxySettings) async -> SettingsCommandOutcome {
+    guard !isCommitting else { return record(.rejected(.inProgress)) }
     isCommitting = true
     lastFailure = nil
-    Task { @MainActor in
-      do {
-        try await committing.updateSettings(proposed)
-        adoptCommittedSettings()
-      } catch {
-        lastFailure = Self.failure(for: error)
-      }
+    do {
+      let runtime = try await committing.updateSettings(proposed)
+      adoptCommittedSettings()
       isCommitting = false
+      return record(persistedOutcome(for: runtime))
+    } catch {
+      isCommitting = false
+      let failure = Self.workflowFailure(for: error)
+      lastFailure = failure
+      return record(.persistenceFailed(Self.persistenceFailure(for: error)))
     }
   }
 
+  private func persistedOutcome(for runtime: SettingsRuntimeOutcome) -> SettingsCommandOutcome {
+    if case .failed(let failure) = runtime {
+      lastFailure = .runtime(failure)
+    } else {
+      lastFailure = nil
+    }
+    return .persisted(runtime: runtime)
+  }
+
   /// 提交成功或回到已提交快照：草稿回到已提交快照；监听设置未变时 didSet
   /// 不会重探，需显式刷新。
   private func adoptCommittedSettings() {
     let next = SettingsDraftAdapter.draft(from: committing.committedSettings)
-    let listenUnchanged = listenFingerprint(of: draft) == listenFingerprint(of: next)
+    let listenUnchanged = listenFacts(of: draft) == listenFacts(of: next)
     draft = next
     if listenUnchanged {
       refreshOccupancy()
@@ -263,19 +305,15 @@ final class SettingsWorkflow: ObservableObject {
   private func refreshOccupancy() {
     occupancyGeneration += 1
     let generation = occupancyGeneration
-    let listen = makeSettings(from: draft).listen
+    let listen = listenFacts(of: draft)
     let probe = occupancyProbe
     Task { @MainActor in
       let result = await Task.detached(priority: .utility) {
         Dictionary(
           uniqueKeysWithValues: SettingsPortID.allCases.map { id in
-            (
-              id,
-              SettingsPortOccupancy(
-                probe.occupancy(
-                  port: listen.configuredPort(for: SettingsDraftAdapter.endpoint(for: id)),
-                  bindAddress: listen.bindAddress))
-            )
+            let endpoint = SettingsDraftAdapter.endpoint(for: id)
+            let request = PortOccupancyProbeRequest(endpoint: endpoint, listen: listen)
+            return (id, SettingsPortOccupancy(probe.occupancy(for: request)))
           })
       }.value
       guard generation == occupancyGeneration else { return }
@@ -283,7 +321,19 @@ final class SettingsWorkflow: ObservableObject {
     }
   }
 
-  private static func failure(for error: Error) -> SettingsWorkflowFailure {
+  private func record(_ outcome: SettingsCommandOutcome) -> SettingsCommandOutcome {
+    lastOutcome = outcome
+    return outcome
+  }
+
+  private static func persistenceFailure(for error: Error) -> SettingsPersistenceFailure {
+    if let error = error as? ProxySettingsStoreError {
+      return .store(error)
+    }
+    return .unknown
+  }
+
+  private static func workflowFailure(for error: Error) -> SettingsWorkflowFailure {
     if let error = error as? ProxySettingsStoreError {
       return .store(error)
     }
diff --git a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/SettingsWorkflow/SettingsWorkflowModels.swift b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/SettingsWorkflow/SettingsWorkflowModels.swift
index 568536af..fd8e8f7a 100644
--- a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/SettingsWorkflow/SettingsWorkflowModels.swift
+++ b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/App/SettingsWorkflow/SettingsWorkflowModels.swift
@@ -116,9 +116,50 @@ enum SettingsConfirmation: Equatable, Sendable {
   case resetPreferences
 }
 
+/// Typed reasons why a command cannot proceed. The workflow exposes facts,
+/// not localized strings or a Boolean that makes validation and occupancy
+/// failures indistinguishable.
+enum SettingsCommandRejection: Equatable, Sendable {
+  case inProgress
+  case confirmationPending
+  case superseded
+  case validation([SettingsFieldIssue])
+  case occupied([SettingsPortID])
+  case noPendingConfirmation
+  case noFreePort(SettingsPortID)
+}
+
+/// Runtime convergence is deliberately separate from settings persistence.
+/// A persisted snapshot can therefore be retained even when the runtime has
+/// an independent, safely projected failure.
+enum SettingsRuntimeOutcome: Equatable, Sendable {
+  case notRunning
+  case converged
+  case stopped
+  case failed(RuntimeFailureFacts?)
+}
+
+enum SettingsPersistenceFailure: Error, Equatable, Sendable {
+  case store(ProxySettingsStoreError)
+  case unknown
+}
+
+/// Result returned by every discrete SettingsWorkflow command. Confirmation,
+/// draft-only changes, persistence and runtime facts remain distinguishable.
+enum SettingsCommandOutcome: Equatable, Sendable {
+  case rejected(SettingsCommandRejection)
+  case confirmationRequired(SettingsConfirmation)
+  case confirmationCancelled
+  case draftUpdated(port: SettingsPortID, value: Int)
+  case reloaded
+  case persisted(runtime: SettingsRuntimeOutcome)
+  case persistenceFailed(SettingsPersistenceFailure)
+}
+
 /// Settings workflow 的最后失败仍是 typed；workflow 不提前渲染句子。
 enum SettingsWorkflowFailure: Error, Equatable, Sendable {
   case store(ProxySettingsStoreError)
   case mode(ProxyModeError)
+  case runtime(RuntimeFailureFacts?)
   case unknown
 }
diff --git a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Domain/CredentialWriteJournal.swift b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Domain/CredentialWriteJournal.swift
index 6fbcf794..011ff8d4 100644
--- a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Domain/CredentialWriteJournal.swift
+++ b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Domain/CredentialWriteJournal.swift
@@ -40,10 +40,16 @@ struct CredentialWriteJournal {
 
   /// 尽力删除（幂等）；回滚时恢复改动前的原值或「不存在」。
   mutating func delete(_ reference: CredentialReference) {
+    try? deleteOrThrow(reference)
+  }
+
+  /// 事务调用方需要知道删除是否成功；保留 `delete` 的既有尽力而为语义
+  /// 给目录工作流使用。
+  mutating func deleteOrThrow(_ reference: CredentialReference) throws {
     if originals[reference] == nil {
-      originals[reference] = OriginalValue(secret: (try? credentials.secret(for: reference)) ?? nil)
+      originals[reference] = OriginalValue(secret: try credentials.secret(for: reference))
     }
-    try? credentials.delete(reference)
+    try credentials.delete(reference)
   }
 
   /// 恢复全部触碰过的引用到改动前的值（尽力），返回逐引用结果。
diff --git a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Domain/PortOccupancyProbe.swift b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Domain/PortOccupancyProbe.swift
index 13c8df87..b383f97a 100644
--- a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Domain/PortOccupancyProbe.swift
+++ b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Domain/PortOccupancyProbe.swift
@@ -10,16 +10,82 @@ enum PortOccupancy: Equatable, Sendable {
   case unknown(detail: String)
 }
 
+extension RuntimeListenFacts {
+  func port(for endpoint: ProxyEndpointKind) -> Int {
+    switch endpoint {
+    case .socks: socksPort
+    case .http: httpPort
+    case .pac: pacPort
+    }
+  }
+
+  func replacingPort(_ port: Int, for endpoint: ProxyEndpointKind) -> RuntimeListenFacts {
+    switch endpoint {
+    case .socks:
+      return RuntimeListenFacts(
+        scope: scope,
+        socksPort: port,
+        httpProxyEnabled: httpProxyEnabled,
+        httpPort: httpPort,
+        pacPort: pacPort,
+        udpRelayEnabled: udpRelayEnabled)
+    case .http:
+      return RuntimeListenFacts(
+        scope: scope,
+        socksPort: socksPort,
+        httpProxyEnabled: httpProxyEnabled,
+        httpPort: port,
+        pacPort: pacPort,
+        udpRelayEnabled: udpRelayEnabled)
+    case .pac:
+      return RuntimeListenFacts(
+        scope: scope,
+        socksPort: socksPort,
+        httpProxyEnabled: httpProxyEnabled,
+        httpPort: httpPort,
+        pacPort: port,
+        udpRelayEnabled: udpRelayEnabled)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/// A port probe request carries the complete effective listener identity. The
+/// requested port may differ from `listen.port(for:)` only for a suggested
+/// candidate; the rest of the listener facts remain part of the request.
+struct PortOccupancyProbeRequest: Equatable, Sendable {
+  let endpoint: ProxyEndpointKind
+  let listen: RuntimeListenFacts
+  let port: Int
+
+  init(
+    endpoint: ProxyEndpointKind,
+    listen: RuntimeListenFacts,
+    port: Int? = nil
+  ) {
+    self.endpoint = endpoint
+    self.listen = listen
+    self.port = port ?? listen.port(for: endpoint)
+  }
+
+  var bindAddress: String { listen.bindAddress }
+}
+
 /// 端口占用探测缝（issue #30）：设置编辑期的即时占用校验。激活是否成功
 /// 仍以 runtime 实际绑定为准（#29 健康门禁），本探测不构成权威判定。
 protocol PortOccupancyProbing: Sendable {
-  func occupancy(port: Int, bindAddress: String) -> PortOccupancy
+  func occupancy(for request: PortOccupancyProbeRequest) -> PortOccupancy
 }
 
 /// 系统实现：对 `bindAddress:port` 做一次不带复用选项的 TCP bind——能绑定
 /// 即空闲，`EADDRINUSE` 即占用；占用时尽力以 `lsof` 解析监听进程名。探测
 /// 不设置 SO_REUSEADDR/SO_REUSEPORT，避免 Legacy 式复用残留的假空闲。
 struct SystemPortOccupancyProbe: PortOccupancyProbing {
+  func occupancy(for request: PortOccupancyProbeRequest) -> PortOccupancy {
+    occupancy(port: request.port, bindAddress: request.bindAddress)
+  }
+
+  /// Compatibility helper for the lower-level probe tests. SettingsWorkflow
+  /// always uses `occupancy(for:)` so production requests retain full facts.
   func occupancy(port: Int, bindAddress: String) -> PortOccupancy {
     var address = sockaddr_in()
     address.sin_len = UInt8(MemoryLayout<sockaddr_in>.size)
diff --git a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Domain/ProxySettings.swift b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Domain/ProxySettings.swift
index e88548b8..3aed5161 100644
--- a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Domain/ProxySettings.swift
+++ b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Domain/ProxySettings.swift
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ enum ProxySettingsStoreError: Error, Equatable {
   case ioFailure(detail: String)
   case missingCredential(CredentialReference)
   case credentialFailure(detail: String)
+  case rollbackFailed
   case legacyListenSettings(ListenSettingsStoreError)
 }
 
@@ -175,34 +176,53 @@ struct ProxySettingsFileStore: ProxySettingsStoring {
   }
 
   func save(_ settings: ProxySettings) throws {
-    try validated(settings)
-    do {
-      try saveOrDelete(settings.gfwListURL, reference: Self.gfwListReference)
-    } catch let error as ProxySettingsStoreError {
-      throw error
-    } catch {
-      throw ProxySettingsStoreError.credentialFailure(detail: String(describing: error))
-    }
-
+    _ = try validated(settings)
+    var journal = CredentialWriteJournal(credentials: credentials)
     do {
+      if settings.gfwListURL.isEmpty {
+        try journal.deleteOrThrow(Self.gfwListReference)
+      } else {
+        try journal.save(settings.gfwListURL, for: Self.gfwListReference)
+      }
       let data = try Self.jsonEncoder.encode(record(from: settings))
       try AtomicFileWriter.write(data, to: fileURL)
+    } catch let error as ProxySettingsStoreError {
+      throw transactionalFailure(error, journal: journal)
     } catch let error as AtomicFileWriter.WriteError {
-      throw ProxySettingsStoreError.ioFailure(detail: String(describing: error))
+      throw transactionalFailure(
+        .ioFailure(detail: String(describing: error)), journal: journal)
+    } catch let error as CredentialStoreError {
+      throw transactionalFailure(
+        .credentialFailure(detail: String(describing: error)), journal: journal)
     } catch {
-      throw ProxySettingsStoreError.ioFailure(detail: String(describing: error))
+      throw transactionalFailure(
+        .ioFailure(detail: String(describing: error)), journal: journal)
     }
   }
 
   func reset() throws {
+    let settingsSnapshot = try fileSnapshot(at: fileURL)
+    let legacySnapshot = try fileSnapshot(at: legacyListenFileURL)
+    var journal = CredentialWriteJournal(credentials: credentials)
     do {
-      try credentials.delete(Self.gfwListReference)
-      for url in [fileURL, legacyListenFileURL]
-      where FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: url.path) {
-        try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: url)
-      }
+      try journal.deleteOrThrow(Self.gfwListReference)
+      try removeIfPresent(fileURL)
+      try removeIfPresent(legacyListenFileURL)
     } catch {
-      throw ProxySettingsStoreError.ioFailure(detail: String(describing: error))
+      let filesRestored =
+        restore(settingsSnapshot, at: fileURL)
+        && restore(legacySnapshot, at: legacyListenFileURL)
+      let credentialsRestored: Bool
+      switch journal.rollback() {
+      case .partial:
+        credentialsRestored = false
+      case .nothingToRestore, .restored:
+        credentialsRestored = true
+      }
+      guard filesRestored && credentialsRestored else {
+        throw ProxySettingsStoreError.rollbackFailed
+      }
+      throw asStoreError(error)
     }
   }
 
@@ -227,18 +247,6 @@ struct ProxySettingsFileStore: ProxySettingsStoring {
     return settings
   }
 
-  private func saveOrDelete(_ secret: String, reference: CredentialReference) throws {
-    do {
-      if secret.isEmpty {
-        try credentials.delete(reference)
-      } else {
-        try credentials.save(secret, for: reference)
-      }
-    } catch {
-      throw ProxySettingsStoreError.credentialFailure(detail: String(describing: error))
-    }
-  }
-
   private func requiredSecret(for reference: CredentialReference) throws -> String {
     do {
       guard let secret = try credentials.secret(for: reference) else {
@@ -314,6 +322,60 @@ struct ProxySettingsFileStore: ProxySettingsStoring {
     encoder.outputFormatting = [.prettyPrinted, .sortedKeys]
     return encoder
   }()
+
+  private func transactionalFailure(
+    _ error: ProxySettingsStoreError,
+    journal: CredentialWriteJournal
+  ) -> ProxySettingsStoreError {
+    if case .partial = journal.rollback() {
+      return .rollbackFailed
+    }
+    return error
+  }
+
+  private func asStoreError(_ error: Error) -> ProxySettingsStoreError {
+    if let error = error as? ProxySettingsStoreError { return error }
+    if let error = error as? CredentialStoreError {
+      return .credentialFailure(detail: String(describing: error))
+    }
+    return .ioFailure(detail: String(describing: error))
+  }
+
+  private func fileSnapshot(at url: URL) throws -> Data? {
+    guard FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: url.path) else { return nil }
+    do {
+      return try Data(contentsOf: url)
+    } catch {
+      throw ProxySettingsStoreError.ioFailure(detail: String(describing: error))
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func removeIfPresent(_ url: URL) throws {
+    guard FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: url.path) else { return }
+    do {
+      try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: url)
+    } catch {
+      throw ProxySettingsStoreError.ioFailure(detail: String(describing: error))
+    }
+  }
+
+  private func restore(_ snapshot: Data?, at url: URL) -> Bool {
+    guard let snapshot else {
+      guard FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: url.path) else { return true }
+      do {
+        try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: url)
+        return true
+      } catch {
+        return false
+      }
+    }
+    do {
+      try AtomicFileWriter.write(snapshot, to: url)
+      return true
+    } catch {
+      return false
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 private struct ProxySettingsRecord: Codable, Equatable, Sendable {
diff --git a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Domain/SslocalRuntimeDocument.swift b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Domain/SslocalRuntimeDocument.swift
index a6668cc6..e2154ddf 100644
--- a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Domain/SslocalRuntimeDocument.swift
+++ b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Domain/SslocalRuntimeDocument.swift
@@ -272,6 +272,67 @@ struct SslocalListenSettings: Equatable, Sendable {
   }
 }
 
+/// Typed effective listener facts exposed by the runtime boundary. This is the
+/// complete identity of the listeners that are actually intended to be bound:
+/// scope carries both bind and advertised addresses, while the endpoint flags
+/// and ports prevent a same-port comparison from masquerading as a match.
+struct RuntimeListenFacts: Equatable, Sendable {
+  let scope: ListenScope
+  let socksPort: Int
+  let httpProxyEnabled: Bool
+  let httpPort: Int
+  let pacPort: Int
+  let udpRelayEnabled: Bool
+
+  init(listen: SslocalListenSettings) {
+    self.init(
+      scope: listen.scope,
+      socksPort: listen.socksPort,
+      httpProxyEnabled: listen.httpProxyEnabled,
+      httpPort: listen.httpPort,
+      pacPort: listen.pacPort,
+      udpRelayEnabled: listen.udpRelayEnabled)
+  }
+
+  init(
+    scope: ListenScope,
+    socksPort: Int,
+    httpProxyEnabled: Bool,
+    httpPort: Int,
+    pacPort: Int,
+    udpRelayEnabled: Bool
+  ) {
+    self.scope = scope
+    self.socksPort = socksPort
+    self.httpProxyEnabled = httpProxyEnabled
+    self.httpPort = httpPort
+    self.pacPort = pacPort
+    self.udpRelayEnabled = udpRelayEnabled
+  }
+
+  init(document: SslocalRuntimeDocument) {
+    let scope: ListenScope
+    switch document.pac.listenScope {
+    case .loopback:
+      scope = .loopback
+    case .host:
+      scope = .host(advertisedAddress: document.pac.advertisedAddress)
+    }
+    let socks = document.locals.first { $0.inboundProtocol == "socks" }
+    let http = document.locals.first { $0.inboundProtocol == "http" }
+    self.init(
+      scope: scope,
+      socksPort: socks?.localPort ?? document.pac.socksPort,
+      httpProxyEnabled: http != nil,
+      httpPort: http?.localPort ?? SslocalListenSettings.defaultHTTPPort,
+      pacPort: document.pac.port,
+      udpRelayEnabled: socks?.mode == "tcp_and_udp")
+  }
+
+  var bindAddress: String { scope.bindAddress }
+  var advertisedAddress: String { scope.advertisedAddress }
+}
+
 /// 监听指纹（spec #21 D5/D7）：服务器列表变化可热重载；任一本地入站或 PAC
 /// endpoint 变化都必须由 wrapper 走优雅重启。
 struct SslocalListenFingerprint: Equatable, Sendable {
diff --git a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Tests/ProxySettingsFileStoreTests.swift b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Tests/ProxySettingsFileStoreTests.swift
index 7814d1c9..d47aee22 100644
--- a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Tests/ProxySettingsFileStoreTests.swift
+++ b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Tests/ProxySettingsFileStoreTests.swift
@@ -31,6 +31,18 @@ final class ProxySettingsFileStoreTests: XCTestCase {
     try Data(text.utf8).write(to: store.fileURL)
   }
 
+  private func makeWriteFailingStore(credentials: CredentialStoring) throws
+    -> ProxySettingsFileStore
+  {
+    try FileManager.default.createDirectory(at: directory, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
+    let blockedParent = directory.appendingPathComponent("blocked")
+    try Data("not a directory".utf8).write(to: blockedParent)
+    return ProxySettingsFileStore(
+      fileURL: blockedParent.appendingPathComponent("settings.json"),
+      legacyListenFileURL: directory.appendingPathComponent("listen-settings.json"),
+      credentials: credentials)
+  }
+
   func testRoundTripKeepsPreferencesButDoesNotWriteRemoteURLsToSettingsFile() throws {
     var settings = ProxySettings()
     settings.listen.scope = .host(advertisedAddress: "192.168.2.89")
@@ -74,6 +86,15 @@ final class ProxySettingsFileStoreTests: XCTestCase {
     XCTAssertEqual(try store.load(), ProxySettings())
   }
 
+  func testUnknownEnabledModesIsIgnoredAndNeverWrittenBack() throws {
+    try writeRaw("{\"enabledModes\":[\"global\"],\"preferredMode\":\"pac\"}")
+
+    XCTAssertEqual(try store.load().preferredMode, .pac)
+    try store.save(ProxySettings())
+    let raw = try String(contentsOf: store.fileURL, encoding: .utf8)
+    XCTAssertFalse(raw.contains("enabledModes"))
+  }
+
   func testInvalidSaveDoesNotTouchExistingSettings() throws {
     try store.save(ProxySettings())
     var invalid = ProxySettings()
@@ -87,6 +108,34 @@ final class ProxySettingsFileStoreTests: XCTestCase {
     XCTAssertEqual(try store.load(), ProxySettings())
   }
 
+  func testSaveFailureRollsBackTheCredentialWhenTheSettingsDocumentCannotBeWritten() throws {
+    store = try makeWriteFailingStore(credentials: credentials)
+    var next = ProxySettings()
+    next.gfwListURL = "https://lists.example.test/new.txt"
+
+    XCTAssertThrowsError(try store.save(next)) { error in
+      guard case .ioFailure = error as? ProxySettingsStoreError else {
+        return XCTFail("文件写入失败应保留为 typed io failure，实际为 \(error)")
+      }
+    }
+    XCTAssertNil(try credentials.secret(for: ProxySettingsFileStore.gfwListReference))
+  }
+
+  func testPartialCredentialRollbackIsTypedAndNeverLooksLikeSuccess() throws {
+    let failingCredentials = SelectiveCredentialStore()
+    store = try makeWriteFailingStore(credentials: failingCredentials)
+    failingCredentials.failDelete = true
+    var next = ProxySettings()
+    next.gfwListURL = "https://lists.example.test/new.txt"
+
+    XCTAssertThrowsError(try store.save(next)) { error in
+      XCTAssertEqual(error as? ProxySettingsStoreError, .rollbackFailed)
+    }
+    XCTAssertEqual(
+      try failingCredentials.secret(for: ProxySettingsFileStore.gfwListReference),
+      next.gfwListURL)
+  }
+
   func testMissingNewFileMigratesLegacyListenSettingsAndUsesNewDefaults() throws {
     var legacy = SslocalListenSettings()
     legacy.socksPort = 2086
@@ -111,3 +160,23 @@ final class ProxySettingsFileStoreTests: XCTestCase {
     XCTAssertEqual(try store.load(), ProxySettings())
   }
 }
+
+private final class SelectiveCredentialStore: CredentialStoring {
+  private var values: [CredentialReference: String] = [:]
+  var failDelete = false
+
+  func save(_ secret: String, for reference: CredentialReference) throws {
+    values[reference] = secret
+  }
+
+  func secret(for reference: CredentialReference) throws -> String? {
+    values[reference]
+  }
+
+  func delete(_ reference: CredentialReference) throws {
+    if failDelete {
+      throw CredentialStoreError.keychainStatus(-25300)
+    }
+    values.removeValue(forKey: reference)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Tests/SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests.swift b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Tests/SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests.swift
index 942d5f50..87d7af0d 100644
--- a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Tests/SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests.swift
+++ b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Tests/SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests.swift
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
   func testPortFieldStateReportsFreeOccupiedAndUnknownFacts() async throws {
     probe = FakeOccupancyProbe(occupiedPorts: [11087], unknownPorts: [11089])
     let workflow = makeWorkflow()
-    workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
+    _ = await workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
     await waitUntil(workflow.portFieldState(for: .pac).occupancy != nil)
 
     XCTAssertEqual(workflow.portFieldState(for: .socks).occupancy, .free)
@@ -97,10 +97,28 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
     XCTAssertEqual(workflow.portFieldState(for: .socks).draftValue, 11086)
   }
 
+  func testOccupancyProbeReceivesTheCompleteEffectiveListenIdentity() async throws {
+    let workflow = makeWorkflow()
+    workflow.draft.isHostScope = true
+    workflow.draft.advertisedAddress = "192.168.2.89"
+    let expected = RuntimeListenFacts(
+      scope: .host(advertisedAddress: "192.168.2.89"),
+      socksPort: 11086,
+      httpProxyEnabled: true,
+      httpPort: 11087,
+      pacPort: 11089,
+      udpRelayEnabled: false)
+
+    await waitUntil(probe.requests.contains { $0.listen == expected })
+
+    XCTAssertEqual(probe.requests.first(where: { $0.listen == expected })?.endpoint, .socks)
+    XCTAssertEqual(probe.requests.first(where: { $0.listen == expected })?.bindAddress, "0.0.0.0")
+  }
+
   func testOccupiedPortCarriesOccupierFact() async throws {
     probe = FakeOccupancyProbe(occupiedPorts: [11086])
     let workflow = makeWorkflow()
-    workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
+    _ = await workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
     await waitUntil(workflow.portFieldState(for: .socks).occupancy != nil)
 
     XCTAssertEqual(workflow.portFieldState(for: .socks).occupancy, .occupied(occupier: "other-app"))
@@ -124,7 +142,7 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
     probe = FakeOccupancyProbe(occupiedPorts: [11086])
     committing.isProxyRunning = true
     let workflow = makeWorkflow()
-    workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
+    _ = await workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
     await waitUntil(workflow.portFieldState(for: .socks).occupancy != nil)
 
     XCTAssertTrue(workflow.portFieldState(for: .socks).isRuntimePortException)
@@ -136,7 +154,7 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
     probe = FakeOccupancyProbe(occupiedPorts: [11086])
     committing.isProxyRunning = false
     let workflow = makeWorkflow()
-    workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
+    _ = await workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
     await waitUntil(workflow.portFieldState(for: .socks).occupancy != nil)
 
     XCTAssertFalse(workflow.portFieldState(for: .socks).isRuntimePortException)
@@ -163,18 +181,45 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
     committing.committedSettings = committed
 
     let workflow = makeWorkflow()
-    workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
+    _ = await workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
     await waitUntil(workflow.portFieldState(for: .http).occupancy != nil)
 
     XCTAssertFalse(workflow.portFieldState(for: .http).isRuntimePortException)
   }
 
+  func testRuntimePortExceptionRequiresTheCompleteListenIdentity() async throws {
+    probe = FakeOccupancyProbe(occupiedPorts: [11086])
+    committing.isProxyRunning = true
+    let workflow = makeWorkflow()
+    _ = await workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
+    await waitUntil(workflow.portFieldState(for: .socks).occupancy != nil)
+    XCTAssertTrue(workflow.portFieldState(for: .socks).isRuntimePortException)
+
+    committing.runtimeListenFacts = RuntimeListenFacts(
+      scope: .host(advertisedAddress: "192.168.2.89"),
+      socksPort: 11086,
+      httpProxyEnabled: true,
+      httpPort: 11087,
+      pacPort: 11089,
+      udpRelayEnabled: false)
+    _ = await workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
+    await waitUntil(workflow.portFieldState(for: .socks).occupancy != nil)
+
+    XCTAssertFalse(
+      workflow.portFieldState(for: .socks).isRuntimePortException,
+      "同端口但 bind/public 地址不同不能作为当前 runtime 例外")
+    XCTAssertTrue(workflow.hasBlockingPortOccupancy)
+  }
+}
+
+extension SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests {
+
   // MARK: - 建议空闲端口
 
   func testSuggestFreePortOnlyWritesThatPortFieldIntoDraft() async throws {
     let workflow = makeWorkflow()
 
-    workflow.suggestFreePort(for: .socks)
+    _ = await workflow.suggestFreePort(for: .socks)
     await waitUntil(workflow.draft.socksPort != 11086)
 
     XCTAssertEqual(workflow.draft.socksPort, 32768)
@@ -192,7 +237,7 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
 
     XCTAssertFalse(workflow.canSave)
 
-    workflow.save()
+    _ = await workflow.save()
     await waitUntil(!workflow.isCommitting && workflow.pendingConfirmation == nil)
     XCTAssertTrue(committing.updateCalls.isEmpty)
   }
@@ -206,7 +251,7 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
     XCTAssertTrue(workflow.hasBlockingPortOccupancy)
     XCTAssertFalse(workflow.canSave)
 
-    workflow.save()
+    _ = await workflow.save()
     XCTAssertTrue(committing.updateCalls.isEmpty)
   }
 
@@ -215,12 +260,55 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
     workflow.draft.timeoutSeconds = 120
 
     XCTAssertTrue(workflow.canSave)
-    workflow.save()
-    await waitUntil(!committing.updateCalls.isEmpty)
+    let outcome = await workflow.save()
 
+    XCTAssertEqual(outcome, .persisted(runtime: .notRunning))
     XCTAssertEqual(committing.updateCalls.first?.timeoutSeconds, 120)
   }
 
+  func testSaveReturnsAValidationRejectionWithoutStartingACommit() async throws {
+    let workflow = makeWorkflow()
+    workflow.draft.timeoutSeconds = 0
+
+    let outcome = await workflow.save()
+
+    XCTAssertEqual(
+      outcome,
+      .rejected(.validation([.timeoutSeconds(error: .invalidTimeout(0))])))
+    XCTAssertFalse(workflow.isCommitting)
+    XCTAssertTrue(committing.updateCalls.isEmpty)
+  }
+
+  func testSaveReportsPersistedSettingsAndIndependentRuntimeFailure() async throws {
+    let runtimeFailure = RuntimeFailureFacts.service(.persistence)
+    committing.updateOutcome = .failed(runtimeFailure)
+    let workflow = makeWorkflow()
+    workflow.draft.timeoutSeconds = 120
+
+    let outcome = await workflow.save()
+
+    XCTAssertEqual(outcome, .persisted(runtime: .failed(runtimeFailure)))
+    XCTAssertEqual(workflow.lastFailure, .runtime(runtimeFailure))
+    XCTAssertEqual(committing.committedSettings.timeoutSeconds, 120)
+  }
+
+  func testRepeatedSaveReturnsAnInProgressRejection() async throws {
+    committing.updateGate = AsyncGate()
+    let workflow = makeWorkflow()
+    workflow.draft.timeoutSeconds = 120
+
+    let first = Task { await workflow.save() }
+    await Task.yield()
+    await waitUntil(workflow.isCommitting)
+    let second = await workflow.save()
+    committing.updateGate?.release()
+    let firstOutcome = await first.value
+
+    XCTAssertEqual(second, .rejected(.inProgress))
+    XCTAssertEqual(firstOutcome, .persisted(runtime: .notRunning))
+    XCTAssertEqual(committing.updateCalls.count, 1)
+  }
+
   // MARK: - 脏态
 
   func testDirtyStateTracksDraftAgainstCommittedSnapshot() async throws {
@@ -230,11 +318,11 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
     workflow.draft.timeoutSeconds = 120
     XCTAssertTrue(workflow.isDirty)
 
-    workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
+    _ = await workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
     XCTAssertFalse(workflow.isDirty)
 
     workflow.draft.timeoutSeconds = 120
-    workflow.save()
+    _ = await workflow.save()
     await waitUntil(!workflow.isCommitting)
     XCTAssertFalse(workflow.isDirty, "提交成功后草稿回到已提交快照")
     XCTAssertEqual(workflow.draft.timeoutSeconds, 120)
@@ -259,7 +347,7 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
 
     let workflow = makeWorkflow()
     workflow.draft.timeoutSeconds = 120
-    workflow.save()
+    _ = await workflow.save()
     await waitUntil(!workflow.isCommitting)
 
     XCTAssertEqual(committing.updateCalls.first?.preferredMode, .global, "草稿不编辑当前模式")
@@ -271,7 +359,7 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
     let workflow = makeWorkflow()
     workflow.draft.pacPort = 13089
 
-    workflow.save()
+    _ = await workflow.save()
 
     guard case .pacInvalidation(_, let nextPort)? = workflow.pendingConfirmation else {
       return XCTFail("应挂起 PAC 失效确认，实际 \(String(describing: workflow.pendingConfirmation))")
@@ -282,7 +370,7 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
         .contains("13089"))
     XCTAssertTrue(committing.updateCalls.isEmpty, "未确认失效提示不得提交")
 
-    workflow.confirmPACNotice()
+    _ = await workflow.confirmPACNotice()
     await waitUntil(!workflow.isCommitting)
     XCTAssertNil(workflow.pendingConfirmation)
     XCTAssertEqual(committing.updateCalls.first?.listen.pacPort, 13089)
@@ -292,8 +380,8 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
     let workflow = makeWorkflow()
     workflow.draft.pacPort = 13089
 
-    workflow.save()
-    workflow.cancelPACNotice()
+    _ = await workflow.save()
+    _ = await workflow.cancelPACNotice()
 
     XCTAssertNil(workflow.pendingConfirmation)
     XCTAssertTrue(committing.updateCalls.isEmpty)
@@ -304,10 +392,10 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
 
   // MARK: - 重置确认
 
-  func testResetArmsConfirmationWithScopeSummaryFromSeam() {
+  func testResetArmsConfirmationWithScopeSummaryFromSeam() async throws {
     let workflow = makeWorkflow()
 
-    workflow.reset()
+    _ = await workflow.reset()
 
     guard case .resetPreferences? = workflow.pendingConfirmation else {
       return XCTFail("应挂起重置确认，实际 \(String(describing: workflow.pendingConfirmation))")
@@ -326,8 +414,8 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
     let workflow = makeWorkflow()
     workflow.draft.timeoutSeconds = 120
 
-    workflow.reset()
-    workflow.confirmReset()
+    _ = await workflow.reset()
+    _ = await workflow.confirmReset()
     await waitUntil(!workflow.isCommitting)
     XCTAssertEqual(committing.resetCallCount, 1)
 
@@ -336,11 +424,24 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
     XCTAssertEqual(workflow.draft, SettingsDraftAdapter.draft(from: ProxySettings()))
   }
 
-  func testCancelingResetDoesNotCommit() {
+  func testResetReturnsPersistedDefaultsAndIndependentRuntimeFailure() async throws {
+    let runtimeFailure = RuntimeFailureFacts.systemProxy(.ownershipConflict)
+    committing.resetOutcome = .failed(runtimeFailure)
     let workflow = makeWorkflow()
 
-    workflow.reset()
-    workflow.cancelReset()
+    _ = await workflow.reset()
+    let outcome = await workflow.confirmReset()
+
+    XCTAssertEqual(outcome, .persisted(runtime: .failed(runtimeFailure)))
+    XCTAssertEqual(workflow.lastFailure, .runtime(runtimeFailure))
+    XCTAssertEqual(workflow.draft, SettingsDraftAdapter.draft(from: ProxySettings()))
+  }
+
+  func testCancelingResetDoesNotCommit() async throws {
+    let workflow = makeWorkflow()
+
+    _ = await workflow.reset()
+    _ = await workflow.cancelReset()
 
     XCTAssertNil(workflow.pendingConfirmation)
     XCTAssertEqual(committing.resetCallCount, 0)
@@ -354,7 +455,7 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
     let workflow = makeWorkflow()
     workflow.draft.timeoutSeconds = 120
 
-    workflow.save()
+    _ = await workflow.save()
     await waitUntil(workflow.lastFailure != nil)
 
     XCTAssertEqual(workflow.lastFailure, .unknown)
@@ -370,7 +471,7 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
     workflow.draft.timeoutSeconds = 120
 
     committing.updateError = ProxySettingsStoreError.ioFailure(detail: "disk full")
-    workflow.save()
+    _ = await workflow.save()
     await waitUntil(!workflow.isCommitting)
     XCTAssertEqual(
       workflow.lastFailure,
@@ -379,7 +480,7 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
 
     committing.updateError = ProxySettingsStoreError.missingCredential(
       ProxySettingsFileStore.gfwListReference)
-    workflow.save()
+    _ = await workflow.save()
     await waitUntil(
       workflow.lastFailure
         == .store(
@@ -390,15 +491,20 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
   }
 
   func testCommittingStateBlocksRepeatedSave() async throws {
+    committing.updateGate = AsyncGate()
     let workflow = makeWorkflow()
     workflow.draft.timeoutSeconds = 120
 
-    workflow.save()
+    let first = Task { await workflow.save() }
+    await Task.yield()
+    await waitUntil(workflow.isCommitting)
     XCTAssertTrue(workflow.isCommitting)
     XCTAssertFalse(workflow.canSave, "提交中保存门禁关闭")
 
-    workflow.save()
-    await waitUntil(!workflow.isCommitting)
+    let second = await workflow.save()
+    committing.updateGate?.release()
+    _ = await first.value
+    XCTAssertEqual(second, .rejected(.inProgress))
     XCTAssertEqual(committing.updateCalls.count, 1, "提交中不得重复触发")
   }
 
@@ -406,8 +512,8 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
     committing.resetError = FakeCommitError.io
     let workflow = makeWorkflow()
 
-    workflow.reset()
-    workflow.confirmReset()
+    _ = await workflow.reset()
+    _ = await workflow.confirmReset()
     await waitUntil(workflow.lastFailure != nil)
 
     XCTAssertEqual(workflow.lastFailure, .unknown)
@@ -435,11 +541,11 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowInterfaceTests: XCTestCase {
   func testReloadWithUnlistenChangesStillRefreshesOccupancy() async throws {
     probe = FakeOccupancyProbe()
     let workflow = makeWorkflow()
-    workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
+    _ = await workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
     await waitUntil(workflow.portFieldState(for: .socks).occupancy == .free)
 
     probe.setAnswer(.occupied(occupier: "later"))
-    workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
+    _ = await workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
     await waitUntil(workflow.portFieldState(for: .socks).occupancy != .free)
 
     XCTAssertEqual(
diff --git a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Tests/SettingsWorkflowTestSupport.swift b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Tests/SettingsWorkflowTestSupport.swift
index 1786d320..020ff5b0 100644
--- a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Tests/SettingsWorkflowTestSupport.swift
+++ b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Tests/SettingsWorkflowTestSupport.swift
@@ -22,22 +22,64 @@ func waitUntil(
 @MainActor
 final class FakeSettingsCommitter: SettingsCommitting {
   var committedSettings: ProxySettings = ProxySettings()
-  var isProxyRunning = false
+  var runtimeListenFacts: RuntimeListenFacts?
   var updateError: Error?
   var resetError: Error?
+  var updateOutcome: SettingsRuntimeOutcome = .notRunning
+  var resetOutcome: SettingsRuntimeOutcome = .notRunning
+  var updateGate: AsyncGate?
   private(set) var updateCalls: [ProxySettings] = []
   private(set) var resetCallCount = 0
 
-  func updateSettings(_ proposed: ProxySettings) async throws {
-    if let updateError { throw updateError }
-    updateCalls.append(proposed)
-    committedSettings = proposed
+  var isProxyRunning: Bool {
+    get { runtimeListenFacts != nil }
+    set {
+      runtimeListenFacts = newValue ? RuntimeListenFacts(listen: committedSettings.listen) : nil
+    }
   }
 
-  func resetPreferences() async throws {
+  func updateSettings(_ proposed: ProxySettings) async throws -> SettingsRuntimeOutcome {
+    if let updateError { throw updateError }
+    if let updateGate { await updateGate.wait() }
+    updateCalls.append(proposed)
+    committedSettings = proposed
+    return updateOutcome
+  }
+
+  func resetPreferences() async throws -> SettingsRuntimeOutcome {
     if let resetError { throw resetError }
     resetCallCount += 1
     committedSettings = ProxySettings()
+    return resetOutcome
+  }
+}
+
+/// 可重复使用的异步门闩，用于证明 workflow 在提交等待期间拒绝第二次命令。
+final class AsyncGate: @unchecked Sendable {
+  private let lock = NSLock()
+  private var released = false
+  private var waiters: [CheckedContinuation<Void, Never>] = []
+
+  func wait() async {
+    await withCheckedContinuation { continuation in
+      lock.lock()
+      if released {
+        lock.unlock()
+        continuation.resume()
+      } else {
+        waiters.append(continuation)
+        lock.unlock()
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  func release() {
+    lock.lock()
+    released = true
+    let waiters = self.waiters
+    self.waiters.removeAll()
+    lock.unlock()
+    waiters.forEach { $0.resume() }
   }
 }
 
@@ -47,6 +89,7 @@ final class FakeOccupancyProbe: PortOccupancyProbing, @unchecked Sendable {
   private let occupiedPorts: Set<Int>
   private let unknownPorts: Set<Int>
   private var requestedPorts: [Int] = []
+  private var requestedRequests: [PortOccupancyProbeRequest] = []
   private var answerOverride: PortOccupancy?
 
   init(occupiedPorts: Set<Int> = [], unknownPorts: Set<Int> = []) {
@@ -66,6 +109,12 @@ final class FakeOccupancyProbe: PortOccupancyProbing, @unchecked Sendable {
     return requestedPorts.count
   }
 
+  var requests: [PortOccupancyProbeRequest] {
+    lock.lock()
+    defer { lock.unlock() }
+    return requestedRequests
+  }
+
   /// 覆盖全部端口的应答（占用代际测试用）。
   func setAnswer(_ answer: PortOccupancy?) {
     lock.lock()
@@ -73,15 +122,16 @@ final class FakeOccupancyProbe: PortOccupancyProbing, @unchecked Sendable {
     answerOverride = answer
   }
 
-  func occupancy(port: Int, bindAddress: String) -> PortOccupancy {
+  func occupancy(for request: PortOccupancyProbeRequest) -> PortOccupancy {
     lock.lock()
     defer { lock.unlock() }
-    requestedPorts.append(port)
+    requestedPorts.append(request.port)
+    requestedRequests.append(request)
     if let answerOverride { return answerOverride }
-    if unknownPorts.contains(port) {
+    if unknownPorts.contains(request.port) {
       return .unknown(detail: "无法判定")
     }
-    return occupiedPorts.contains(port) ? .occupied(occupier: "other-app") : .free
+    return occupiedPorts.contains(request.port) ? .occupied(occupier: "other-app") : .free
   }
 }
 
@@ -128,7 +178,7 @@ final class GatedOccupancyProbe: PortOccupancyProbing, @unchecked Sendable {
     }
   }
 
-  func occupancy(port: Int, bindAddress: String) -> PortOccupancy {
+  func occupancy(for request: PortOccupancyProbeRequest) -> PortOccupancy {
     lock.lock()
     enteredCount += 1
     let gated = isGated
diff --git a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Tests/SettingsWorkflowTests.swift b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Tests/SettingsWorkflowTests.swift
index 914290c9..f41bdd8c 100644
--- a/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Tests/SettingsWorkflowTests.swift
+++ b/ShadowsocksX-NG2/Tests/SettingsWorkflowTests.swift
@@ -37,8 +37,7 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowTests: XCTestCase {
     let pair = makePair()
 
     pair.workflow.draft.timeoutSeconds = 120
-    pair.workflow.save()
-    await waitUntil(!pair.workflow.isCommitting)
+    _ = await pair.workflow.save()
 
     XCTAssertEqual(settingsStore.saved?.timeoutSeconds, 120)
     XCTAssertEqual(pair.controller.settings.timeoutSeconds, 120)
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowTests: XCTestCase {
     probe = FakeOccupancyProbe(occupiedPorts: [11086])
     let pair = try await makeRunningPair()
 
-    pair.workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
+    _ = await pair.workflow.reloadFromCommitted()
     await waitUntil(pair.workflow.portFieldState(for: .socks).occupancy != nil)
 
     XCTAssertEqual(
@@ -63,8 +62,7 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowTests: XCTestCase {
     XCTAssertTrue(pair.workflow.canSave)
 
     pair.workflow.draft.timeoutSeconds = 120
-    pair.workflow.save()
-    await waitUntil(settingsStore.saved != nil)
+    _ = await pair.workflow.save()
     XCTAssertEqual(settingsStore.saved?.timeoutSeconds, 120)
   }
 
@@ -72,12 +70,11 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowTests: XCTestCase {
     let pair = makePair()
 
     pair.workflow.draft.pacPort = 13089
-    pair.workflow.save()
+    _ = await pair.workflow.save()
     XCTAssertNotNil(pair.workflow.pendingConfirmation)
     XCTAssertNil(settingsStore.saved, "未确认失效提示不得提交")
 
-    pair.workflow.confirmPACNotice()
-    await waitUntil(settingsStore.saved != nil)
+    _ = await pair.workflow.confirmPACNotice()
     XCTAssertNil(pair.workflow.pendingConfirmation)
     XCTAssertEqual(pair.controller.settings.listen.pacPort, 13089)
   }
@@ -87,8 +84,7 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowTests: XCTestCase {
     let pair = makePair()
 
     pair.workflow.draft.timeoutSeconds = 120
-    pair.workflow.save()
-    await waitUntil(pair.workflow.lastFailure != nil)
+    _ = await pair.workflow.save()
 
     XCTAssertEqual(pair.workflow.lastFailure, .unknown)
     XCTAssertEqual(pair.workflow.lastFailure?.presentableMessage, AppPresentation.unknownError)
@@ -101,13 +97,12 @@ final class SettingsWorkflowTests: XCTestCase {
     let pair = makePair()
     var custom = pair.controller.settings
     custom.timeoutSeconds = 120
-    try await pair.controller.updateSettings(custom)
+    _ = try await pair.controller.updateSettings(custom)
     XCTAssertEqual(pair.controller.settings.timeoutSeconds, 120)
 
-    pair.workflow.reset()
+    _ = await pair.workflow.reset()
     XCTAssertNotNil(pair.workflow.pendingConfirmation, "重置恒先经 seam 裁定的确认")
-    pair.workflow.confirmReset()
-    await waitUntil(pair.controller.settings == ProxySettings())
+    _ = await pair.workflow.confirmReset()
 
     XCTAssertEqual(pair.workflow.draft, SettingsDraftAdapter.draft(from: ProxySettings()))
     XCTAssertNil(settingsStore.saved)