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# 简介
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Spring Boot makes it easy to create stand-alone, production-grade Spring based Applications that you can “just run”. We take an opinionated view of the Spring platform and third-party libraries so you can get started with minimum fuss. Most Spring Boot applications need very little Spring configuration.
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You can use Spring Boot to create Java applications that can be started using java -jar or more traditional war deployments. We also provide a command line tool that runs “spring scripts”.
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Our primary goals are:
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- Provide a radically faster and widely accessible getting started experience for all Spring development.
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- Be opinionated out of the box, but get out of the way quickly as requirements start to diverge from the defaults.
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- Provide a range of non-functional features that are common to large classes of projects (e.g. embedded servers, security, metrics, health checks, externalized configuration).
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- Absolutely no code generation and no requirement for XML configuration.
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# Summary
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* [简介](README.md)
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* [快速入门](chapter1.md)
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* [框架详解](chapter2.md)
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* 项目构建(chapter2-1.md)
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* [工程结构(chapter2-2.md)](chapter2-2.md)
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* [数据访问](chapter3.md)
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* [Chapter4](chapter4.md)
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* [附录1:Starter POMs](appendix1.md)
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# 快速入门
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本章主要目标完成Spring Boot基础项目的构建,并且实现一个简单的Http请求处理,通过这个例子对Spring Boot有一个初步的了解,并体验其结构简单、开发快速的特性。
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本书所有章节均采用Spring Boot 1.3.2版本调试通过使用的。
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## 系统要求:
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#### 框架要求:
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- Java 7及以上
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- Spring Framework 4.1.5及以上
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> 本系列文章均采用`Java 1.8.0_73`编译调试运行所有样例。
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#### Servlet容器要求
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推荐使用以下版本的Servlet容器
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| 名称 | Servlet版本 | Java版本 |
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| -- | -- | -- |
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| Tomcat 8 | 3.1 | Java 7+ |
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| Tomcat 7 | 3.0 | Java 6+ |
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| Jetty 9 | 3.1 | Java 7+ |
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| Jetty 8 | 3.0 | Java 6+ |
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| Undertow 1.1 | 3.1 | Java 7+ |
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当然,你也可以将Spring Boot应用部署在其他支持Servlet 3.0以上的容器中。
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## 使用Maven构建项目
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1. 通过`SPRING INITIALIZR`工具产生基础项目
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1. 访问:`http://start.spring.io/`
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2. 选择构建工具`Maven Project`、Spring Boot版本`1.3.2`以及一些工程基本信息,可参考下图所示
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3. 点击`Generate Project`下载项目压缩包
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2. 解压项目包,并用IDE以`Maven`项目导入,以`IntelliJ IDEA 14`为例:
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1. 菜单中选择`File`-->`New`-->`Project from Existing Sources...`
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2. 选择解压后的项目文件夹,点击`OK`
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3. 点击`Import project from external model`并选择`Maven`,点击`Next`到底为止。
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4. 若你的环境有多个版本的JDK,注意到选择`Java SDK`的时候请选择`Java 7`以上的版本
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## 项目结构解析
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通过上面步骤完成了基础项目的创建,如上图所示,Spring Boot的基础结构共三个文件(具体路径根据用户生成项目时填写的Group所有差异):
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- `src/main/java`下的程序入口:`Chapter1Application`
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- `src/main/resources`下的配置文件:`application.properties`
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- `src/test/`下的测试入口:`Chapter1ApplicationTests`
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生成的`Chapter1Application`和`Chapter1ApplicationTests`类都可以直接运行来启动当前创建的项目,由于目前该项目未配合任何数据访问或Web模块,程序会在加载完Spring之后结束运行。
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## 引入Web模块
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当前的`pom.xml`内容如下,仅引入了两个模块:
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- `spring-boot-starter`:核心模块,包括自动配置支持、日志和YAML
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- `spring-boot-starter-test`:测试模块,包括JUnit、Hamcrest、Mockito
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```xml
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<dependencies>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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</dependencies>
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```
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引入Web模块,需添加`spring-boot-starter-web`模块:
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```xml
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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```
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更多starter模块可见`附件1:Starter POMs`
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## 编写HelloWorld服务
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- 创建`package`命名为`com.didispace.web`(根据实际情况修改)
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- 创建`HelloController`类,内容如下
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```java
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@RestController
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public class HelloController {
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@RequestMapping("/hello")
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public String index() {
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return "Hello World";
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}
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}
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```
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- 启动主程序,打开浏览器访问`http://localhost:8080/hello`,可以看到页面输出`Hello World`
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## 编写单元测试用例
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打开的`src/test/`下的测试入口`Chapter1ApplicationTests`类。下面编写一个简单的单元测试来模拟http请求,具体如下:
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```java
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@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
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@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = MockServletContext.class)
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@WebAppConfiguration
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public class Chapter1ApplicationTests {
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private MockMvc mvc;
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@Before
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public void setUp() throws Exception {
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mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new HelloController()).build();
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}
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@Test
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public void getHello() throws Exception {
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mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
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.andExpect(status().isOk())
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.andExpect(content().string(equalTo("Hello World")));
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}
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}
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```
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使用`MockServletContext`来构建一个空的`WebApplicationContext`,这样我们创建的`HelloController`就可以在`@Before`函数中创建并传递到`MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup()`函数中。
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- 注意引入下面内容,让`status`、`content`、`equalTo`函数可用
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```java
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import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
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import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
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import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
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```
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至此已完成本章目标,通过Maven构建了一个空白Spring Boot项目,再通过引入web模块实现了一个简单的请求处理。
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# 工程结构
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Spring Boot本身并没有对工程结构有特别的要求,但是一些最佳实践的工程结构可以参考学习和使用。
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## 典型示例
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```
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com
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+- example
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+- myproject
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+- Application.java
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+- domain
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+- service
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+- web
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```
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