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Update 系统设计基础.md

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调整配图：用图标表示服务、数据库、请求等元素，并在图中标出具体的数据。
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CyC2018
2026-10-26 04:42:10 +08:00
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4 changed files with 126 additions and 90 deletions
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notes/pics/massive-topk.png
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tools/diagram/src/massive-topk.svg
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@@ -31,54 +31,84 @@
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<text x="360" y="28" class="title">100 GB 日志中出现次数最多的 10 个 URL（内存 4 GB）</text>
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<text x="75" y="143" class="b c">100 GB 日志</text>
<text x="75" y="158" class="sub c">每行一个 URL</text>
<text x="75" y="204" class="c sub mono">hash(url) % 100</text>
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<text x="235" y="77.5" class="b c">文件 0</text>
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<text x="395" y="77.5" class="c sub">HashMap 计数</text>
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<text x="540" y="77.5" class="b c">前 10</text>
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<text x="235" y="129.5" class="b c">文件 1</text>
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<rect x="320" y="108" width="150" height="34" rx="4" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#C8C8C8"/>
<text x="395" y="129.5" class="c sub">HashMap 计数</text>
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<text x="540" y="129.5" class="b c">前 10</text>
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<text x="235" y="233.5" class="b c">文件 99</text>
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<rect x="320" y="212" width="150" height="34" rx="4" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#C8C8C8"/>
<text x="395" y="233.5" class="c sub">HashMap 计数</text>
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<rect x="507" y="214" width="70" height="34" rx="6" class="shadow"/>
<rect x="505" y="212" width="70" height="34" rx="6" fill="#DDD7F6"/>
<text x="540" y="233.5" class="b c">前 10</text>
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<text x="662" y="143" class="b c">小顶堆</text>
<text x="662" y="158" class="sub c">全局前 10</text>
<text x="235" y="262" class="c sub">① 约 1 GB / 份</text>
<text x="395" y="262" class="c sub">② 每次只把一份读入内存</text>
<text x="560" y="262" class="c sub">③ 合并 100 × 10 个候选</text>
<text x="360" y="288" class="c note">相同的 URL 一定落在同一份中，所以每份单独统计的次数就是它的总次数</text>
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<text x="59" y="202" class="c b">100 GB 日志</text>
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<text x="20" y="256" class="sub">切成 100 份</text>
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<text x="226" y="82" class="sub">文件 0</text>
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<text x="368" y="150" class="sub">HashMap 计数</text>
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<text x="226" y="242" class="sub">文件 99</text>
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<line x1="320" y1="242" x2="364" y2="242" stroke="#BBB" stroke-width="0.8"/>
<line x1="342" y1="222" x2="342" y2="252" stroke="#BBB" stroke-width="0.8"/>
<text x="368" y="240" class="sub">HashMap 计数</text>
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<rect x="470" y="226" width="48" height="22" rx="4" fill="#DDD7F6" stroke="#A99FD8" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<text x="494" y="241" class="c sub">前 10</text>
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<line x1="520" y1="237" x2="586" y2="150" class="arrow "/>
<text x="204" y="196" class="c b">⋮</text>
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<line x1="652" y1="148" x2="663" y2="170" stroke="#78BFC4" stroke-width="1.2"/>
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<text x="630" y="196" class="c b">小顶堆</text>
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<text x="370" y="278" class="c sub">② 每次只把一份读入内存</text>
<text x="560" y="278" class="c sub">③ 合并 100 × 10 个候选</text>
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tools/diagram/src/seckill.svg
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="720" height="300" viewBox="0 0 720 300">
<style>
text { font-family: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; fill: #666; font-size: 12px; }
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@@ -31,42 +31,48 @@
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<text x="360" y="28" class="title">秒杀：层层过滤请求</text>
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<text x="210" y="106" class="c sub">按钮防重复提交</text>
<text x="210" y="122" class="c sub">按用户限流</text>
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<text x="374" y="122" class="c sub">原子扣减，库存 100 → 0</text>
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<text x="654" y="156" class="c sub">库存大于 0 才扣减</text>
<text x="654" y="174" class="c sub">唯一索引保证一人一单</text>
<text x="20" y="236" class="sub">到达数据库的请求接近库存数量；订单最终创建失败时，要把 Redis 中的库存和购买记录恢复。</text>
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<text x="670" y="172" class="c b">MySQL</text>
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<text x="630" y="192" class="c sub">库存大于 0 才扣减</text>
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