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180 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
180 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
# spring boot / cloud (九) 使用rabbitmq消息中间件
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##前言
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###rabbitmq介绍:
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>RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的，可复用的企业消息系统。它可以用于大型软件系统各个模块之间的高效通信，支持高并发，支持可扩展。
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###amqp介绍:
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>即Advanced Message Queuing Protocol,一个提供统一消息服务的应用层标准高级消息队列协议,是应用层协议的一个开放标准,为面向消息的中间件设计。基于此协议的客户端与消息中间件可传递消息，并不受客户端/中间件不同产品，不同的开发语言等条件的限制。Erlang中的实现有 RabbitMQ等。
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##思路
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基于spring boot的特性连接rabbitmq,并作出如下样例:
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- 配置
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- 发布方样例
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- 消费方样例
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##实现
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###1.配置
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引入maven依赖
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``` xml
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-amqp</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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```
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编写config配置类(默认情况下是不用做任何配置的,这里有配置是因为,它默认是用的二进制做的消息传输,这里的配置是改为json传输)
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``` java
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@Configuration
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public class RabbitMqConfig {
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@Bean
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public SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory rabbitListenerContainerFactoryPlus(
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SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory rabbitListenerContainerFactory,
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Jackson2JsonMessageConverter jackson2JsonMessageConverter) {
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rabbitListenerContainerFactory.setMessageConverter(jackson2JsonMessageConverter);
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return rabbitListenerContainerFactory;
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}
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@Bean
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public Jackson2JsonMessageConverter jackson2JsonMessageConverter(ObjectMapper xssObjectMapper) {
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return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter(xssObjectMapper);
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}
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}
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```
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编写配置文件
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``` properties
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spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.134.100
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spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
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spring.rabbitmq.username=dev_udf-sample
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spring.rabbitmq.password=1qazxsw2
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spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/dev_udf-sample
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spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.enabled=true #发送方是否重试
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spring.rabbitmq.listener.retry.enabled=true #消费方是否重试
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```
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定义公共的消息类
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``` java
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public class RabbitmqMessage<T> implements Serializable {
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private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
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//消息ID
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private String id;
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....其他自定义
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}
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```
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###2.发布方样例
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创建Exchange,这里使用的是DirectExchange,exchange主要是定义路由规则的,还有其他不同的路由规则实现,如:TopicExchange,他们都继承至AbstractExchange
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``` java
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@Bean
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public DirectExchange testExchange() {
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return new DirectExchange("test_exchange");
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}
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```
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使用AmqpTemplate发送异步消息(RoutingKey则是指定消息的路由键,不同的路由键可被不同的消费方消费)
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``` java
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@Autowired
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private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
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//然后调用发送方法发送消息
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this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("test_exchange", "testRoutingKey", new RabbitmqMessage<String>("test"));
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```
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###3.消费方样例
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创建消费队列,死信队列,以及与exchange的绑定关系
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``` java
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//消费队列
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@Bean
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public Queue testConsume() {
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//死信exchange与上面的定义方式一样
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Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>();
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args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange","test_exchange_dlx");
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args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key","testRoutingKey_dlx");
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return new Queue("test_consume", true, false, false, args);
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}
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//死信消费队列
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@Bean
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public Queue testConsumeDlx() {
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return new Queue("test_consume_dlx");
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}
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//消费队列绑定
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@Bean
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public Binding testConsumeBinding() {
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return new Binding("test_consume", DestinationType.QUEUE,
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"test_exchange","testRoutingKey", null);
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}
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//死信消费队列绑定
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@Bean
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public Binding testConsumeDlxBinding() {
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return new Binding("test_consume_dlx", DestinationType.QUEUE,
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"test_exchange_dlx","testRoutingKey_dlx", null);
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}
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```
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消费消息
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``` java
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@RabbitListener(queues = "test_consume")
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public void process(Message<String> message) {
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log.info(message);
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}
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```
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## **代码仓库** (博客配套代码)
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- [udf-starter : 基础项目,脚手架,框架](https://gitee.com/wangkang/udf)
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- [udf-sample : 集成样例](https://gitee.com/wangkang/udf-sample)
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##结束
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以上演示了rabbitmq在spring boot中的配置,以及发送方和消费方的样例,在后续的章节中,会找机会介绍rabbitmq的搭建以及配置.
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---------
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